STARS Implementation Guide
0.5.1 - release

STARS Implementation Guide - Downloaded Version 0.5.1 See the Directory of published versions

## Resource Profile: CSIRO STARS Observation Result Profile

Official URL: https://starsapi.csiro.au/fhir-ig/stars/StructureDefinition/csiro-stars-observation-result | Version: 0.5.1
Active as of 2025-10-15 | Computable Name: CsiroStarsObservationResultProfile

Results, Measurements and simple assertions

Usages:

- Refer to this Profile: CSIRO STARS DiagnosticReport Profile
- Examples for this Profile: Observation/observation-example-category3-bat-ABLVIn, Observation/observation-example-category3-bat-ABLVPt and Observation/observation-example-category3-bat-RABIESFAV

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

### Formal Views of Profile Content

Description of Profiles, Differentials, Snapshots and how the different presentations work.

- Key Elements Table
- Differential Table
- Snapshot Table
- Statistics/References
- All

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | Observation | Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, obs-8
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
contained |  | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | S Σ | 1..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for observation
use | ?!Σ | 0..1 | code | usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) Binding: IdentifierUse (required): Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .
type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Description of identifier Binding: STARS Identifier Type (required)
basedOn | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(CSIRO STARS ServiceRequest Profile) | Fulfills plan, proposal or order
status | ?!S Σ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
code | S Σ C | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Type of observation (code / type) Binding: STARS Analysis (required)
effective[x] | S Σ | 0..1 | instant | Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
issued | S Σ | 0..1 | instant | Date/Time this version was made available
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual result
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
valueAttachment |  |  | Attachment |
valueReference |  |  | Reference(MolecularSequence) |
interpretation | S | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | High, low, normal, etc Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note | S | 0..1 | Annotation | Comments about the observation
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.identifier.​use | Base | required | IdentifierUse | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.identifier.​type | Base | required | STARS Identifier Type | 📦0.5.1 | This IG
Observation.status | Base | required | Observation Status | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.code | Base | required | STARS Analysis | 📦0.5.1 | This IG
Observation.interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().ofType(canonical) | %resource.descendants().ofType(uri) | %resource.descendants().ofType(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.component.code is the same as Observation.code, then Observation.value SHALL NOT be present (the Observation.component.value[x] holds the value). | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`
obs-8 | error | Observation | bodyStructure SHALL only be present if Observation.bodySite is not present | `bodySite.exists() implies bodyStructure.empty()`

This structure is derived from Observation

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation |  | 0..* | Observation | Measurements and simple assertions
language |  | 0..0 |  |
identifier | S | 1..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for observation
type |  | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Description of identifier Binding: STARS Identifier Type (required)
basedOn |  | 0..1 | Reference(CSIRO STARS ServiceRequest Profile) | Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf |  | 0..0 |  |
status | S | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended +
category |  | 0..0 |  |
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Type of observation (code / type) Binding: STARS Analysis (required)
subject |  | 0..0 |  |
focus |  | 0..0 |  |
encounter |  | 0..0 |  |
effective[x] | S | 0..1 | instant | Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
issued | S | 0..1 | instant | Date/Time this version was made available
performer |  | 0..0 |  |
value[x] | S | 0..1 | Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period, Attachment, Reference(MolecularSequence) | Actual result
interpretation | S | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | High, low, normal, etc
note | S | 0..1 | Annotation | Comments about the observation
bodySite |  | 0..0 |  |
method |  | 0..0 |  |
device |  | 0..0 |  |
referenceRange |  | 0..0 |  |
hasMember |  | 0..0 |  |
derivedFrom |  | 0..0 |  |
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.identifier.​type | Base | required | STARS Identifier Type | 📦0.5.1 | This IG
Observation.code | Base | required | STARS Analysis | 📦0.5.1 | This IG

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | Observation | Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, obs-8
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
text |  | 0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained |  | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | S Σ | 1..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for observation
id |  | 0..1 | id | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
use | ?!Σ | 0..1 | code | usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) Binding: IdentifierUse (required): Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .
type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Description of identifier Binding: STARS Identifier Type (required)
system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | The namespace for the identifier value Example General: http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
value | Σ C | 0..1 | string | The value that is unique Example General: 123456
period | Σ | 0..1 | Period | Time period when id is/was valid for use
assigner | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Organization) | Organization that issued id (may be just text)
instantiates[x] | Σ | 0..1 | canonical(ObservationDefinition), Reference(ObservationDefinition) | Instantiates FHIR ObservationDefinition
basedOn | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(CSIRO STARS ServiceRequest Profile) | Fulfills plan, proposal or order
triggeredBy |  | 0..* | BackboneElement | Triggering observation(s)
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
observation | Σ | 1..1 | Reference(Observation) | Triggering observation
type | Σ | 1..1 | code | reflex | repeat | re-run Binding: TriggeredBytype (required): The type of TriggeredBy Observation.
reason |  | 0..1 | string | Reason that the observation was triggered
status | ?!S Σ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
code | S Σ C | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Type of observation (code / type) Binding: STARS Analysis (required)
effective[x] | S Σ | 0..1 | instant | Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
issued | S Σ | 0..1 | instant | Date/Time this version was made available
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual result
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
valueAttachment |  |  | Attachment |
valueReference |  |  | Reference(MolecularSequence) |
dataAbsentReason | C | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation | S | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | High, low, normal, etc Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note | S | 0..1 | Annotation | Comments about the observation
bodyStructure | C | 0..1 | Reference(BodyStructure) | Observed body structure
specimen | C | 0..1 | Reference(Specimen | Group) | Specimen used for this observation Constraints: obs-9
component | Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Component results
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code | Σ C | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x] | Σ | 0..1 |  | Actual component result
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
valueAttachment |  |  | Attachment |
valueReference |  |  | Reference(MolecularSequence) |
dataAbsentReason |  | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation |  | 0..* | CodeableConcept | High, low, normal, etc Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange |  | 0..* | See referenceRange (Observation) | Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.identifier.​use | Base | required | IdentifierUse | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.identifier.​type | Base | required | STARS Identifier Type | 📦0.5.1 | This IG
Observation.triggeredBy.​type | Base | required | triggered Bytype | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.status | Base | required | Observation Status | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.code | Base | required | STARS Analysis | 📦0.5.1 | This IG
Observation.dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | Data Absent Reason | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​normalValue | Base | extensible | Observation Reference Range Normal Value Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type | Base | preferred | Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo | Base | example | Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code | Base | example | LOINC Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | Data Absent Reason | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().ofType(canonical) | %resource.descendants().ofType(uri) | %resource.descendants().ofType(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.component.code is the same as Observation.code, then Observation.value SHALL NOT be present (the Observation.component.value[x] holds the value). | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`
obs-8 | error | Observation | bodyStructure SHALL only be present if Observation.bodySite is not present | `bodySite.exists() implies bodyStructure.empty()`
obs-9 | error | Observation.specimen | If Observation.specimen is a reference to Group, the group can only have specimens | `(reference.resolve().exists() and reference.resolve() is Group) implies reference.resolve().member.entity.resolve().all($this is Specimen)`

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 1 element
Must-Support: 8 elements
Prohibited: 13 elements

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

- CSIRO STARS ServiceRequest Profile (https://starsapi.csiro.au/fhir-ig/stars/StructureDefinition/csiro-stars-servicerequest)

Key Elements View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | Observation | Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, obs-8
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
contained |  | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | S Σ | 1..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for observation
use | ?!Σ | 0..1 | code | usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) Binding: IdentifierUse (required): Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .
type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Description of identifier Binding: STARS Identifier Type (required)
basedOn | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(CSIRO STARS ServiceRequest Profile) | Fulfills plan, proposal or order
status | ?!S Σ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
code | S Σ C | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Type of observation (code / type) Binding: STARS Analysis (required)
effective[x] | S Σ | 0..1 | instant | Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
issued | S Σ | 0..1 | instant | Date/Time this version was made available
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual result
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
valueAttachment |  |  | Attachment |
valueReference |  |  | Reference(MolecularSequence) |
interpretation | S | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | High, low, normal, etc Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note | S | 0..1 | Annotation | Comments about the observation
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.identifier.​use | Base | required | IdentifierUse | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.identifier.​type | Base | required | STARS Identifier Type | 📦0.5.1 | This IG
Observation.status | Base | required | Observation Status | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.code | Base | required | STARS Analysis | 📦0.5.1 | This IG
Observation.interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().ofType(canonical) | %resource.descendants().ofType(uri) | %resource.descendants().ofType(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.component.code is the same as Observation.code, then Observation.value SHALL NOT be present (the Observation.component.value[x] holds the value). | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`
obs-8 | error | Observation | bodyStructure SHALL only be present if Observation.bodySite is not present | `bodySite.exists() implies bodyStructure.empty()`

Differential View

This structure is derived from Observation

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation |  | 0..* | Observation | Measurements and simple assertions
language |  | 0..0 |  |
identifier | S | 1..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for observation
type |  | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Description of identifier Binding: STARS Identifier Type (required)
basedOn |  | 0..1 | Reference(CSIRO STARS ServiceRequest Profile) | Fulfills plan, proposal or order
partOf |  | 0..0 |  |
status | S | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended +
category |  | 0..0 |  |
code | S | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Type of observation (code / type) Binding: STARS Analysis (required)
subject |  | 0..0 |  |
focus |  | 0..0 |  |
encounter |  | 0..0 |  |
effective[x] | S | 0..1 | instant | Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
issued | S | 0..1 | instant | Date/Time this version was made available
performer |  | 0..0 |  |
value[x] | S | 0..1 | Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period, Attachment, Reference(MolecularSequence) | Actual result
interpretation | S | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | High, low, normal, etc
note | S | 0..1 | Annotation | Comments about the observation
bodySite |  | 0..0 |  |
method |  | 0..0 |  |
device |  | 0..0 |  |
referenceRange |  | 0..0 |  |
hasMember |  | 0..0 |  |
derivedFrom |  | 0..0 |  |
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.identifier.​type | Base | required | STARS Identifier Type | 📦0.5.1 | This IG
Observation.code | Base | required | STARS Analysis | 📦0.5.1 | This IG

Snapshot View

Name | Flags | Card. | Type | Description & Constraints Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
Observation | C | 0..* | Observation | Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, obs-8
id | Σ | 0..1 | id | Logical id of this artifact
meta | Σ | 0..1 | Meta | Metadata about the resource
implicitRules | ?!Σ | 0..1 | uri | A set of rules under which this content was created
text |  | 0..1 | Narrative | Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained |  | 0..* | Resource | Contained, inline Resources
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier | S Σ | 1..* | Identifier | Business Identifier for observation
id |  | 0..1 | id | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
use | ?!Σ | 0..1 | code | usual | official | temp | secondary | old (If known) Binding: IdentifierUse (required): Identifies the purpose for this identifier, if known .
type | Σ | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Description of identifier Binding: STARS Identifier Type (required)
system | Σ | 0..1 | uri | The namespace for the identifier value Example General: http://www.acme.com/identifiers/patient
value | Σ C | 0..1 | string | The value that is unique Example General: 123456
period | Σ | 0..1 | Period | Time period when id is/was valid for use
assigner | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(Organization) | Organization that issued id (may be just text)
instantiates[x] | Σ | 0..1 | canonical(ObservationDefinition), Reference(ObservationDefinition) | Instantiates FHIR ObservationDefinition
basedOn | Σ | 0..1 | Reference(CSIRO STARS ServiceRequest Profile) | Fulfills plan, proposal or order
triggeredBy |  | 0..* | BackboneElement | Triggering observation(s)
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
observation | Σ | 1..1 | Reference(Observation) | Triggering observation
type | Σ | 1..1 | code | reflex | repeat | re-run Binding: TriggeredBytype (required): The type of TriggeredBy Observation.
reason |  | 0..1 | string | Reason that the observation was triggered
status | ?!S Σ | 1..1 | code | registered | preliminary | final | amended + Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation.
code | S Σ C | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Type of observation (code / type) Binding: STARS Analysis (required)
effective[x] | S Σ | 0..1 | instant | Clinically relevant time/time-period for observation
issued | S Σ | 0..1 | instant | Date/Time this version was made available
value[x] | S Σ C | 0..1 |  | Actual result
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
valueAttachment |  |  | Attachment |
valueReference |  |  | Reference(MolecularSequence) |
dataAbsentReason | C | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation | S | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | High, low, normal, etc Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
note | S | 0..1 | Annotation | Comments about the observation
bodyStructure | C | 0..1 | Reference(BodyStructure) | Observed body structure
specimen | C | 0..1 | Reference(Specimen | Group) | Specimen used for this observation Constraints: obs-9
component | Σ C | 0..* | BackboneElement | Component results
id |  | 0..1 | string | Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension |  | 0..* | Extension | Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension | ?!Σ | 0..* | Extension | Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code | Σ C | 1..1 | CodeableConcept | Type of component observation (code / type) Binding: LOINCCodes (example): Codes identifying names of simple observations.
value[x] | Σ | 0..1 |  | Actual component result
valueQuantity |  |  | Quantity |
valueCodeableConcept |  |  | CodeableConcept |
valueString |  |  | string |
valueBoolean |  |  | boolean |
valueInteger |  |  | integer |
valueRange |  |  | Range |
valueRatio |  |  | Ratio |
valueSampledData |  |  | SampledData |
valueTime |  |  | time |
valueDateTime |  |  | dateTime |
valuePeriod |  |  | Period |
valueAttachment |  |  | Attachment |
valueReference |  |  | Reference(MolecularSequence) |
dataAbsentReason |  | 0..1 | CodeableConcept | Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation |  | 0..* | CodeableConcept | High, low, normal, etc Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange |  | 0..* | See referenceRange (Observation) | Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

#### Terminology Bindings

Path | Status | Usage | ValueSet | Version | Source
Observation.identifier.​use | Base | required | IdentifierUse | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.identifier.​type | Base | required | STARS Identifier Type | 📦0.5.1 | This IG
Observation.triggeredBy.​type | Base | required | triggered Bytype | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.status | Base | required | Observation Status | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.code | Base | required | STARS Analysis | 📦0.5.1 | This IG
Observation.dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | Data Absent Reason | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​normalValue | Base | extensible | Observation Reference Range Normal Value Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type | Base | preferred | Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo | Base | example | Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code | Base | example | LOINC Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason | Base | extensible | Data Absent Reason | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation | Base | extensible | Observation Interpretation Codes | 📍5.0.0 | FHIR Std.

#### Constraints

Id | Grade | Path(s) | Description | Expression
dom-2 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources | `contained.contained.empty()`
dom-3 | error | Observation | If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource | `contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().ofType(canonical) | %resource.descendants().ofType(uri) | %resource.descendants().ofType(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(ofType(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()`
dom-4 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated | `contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()`
dom-5 | error | Observation | If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label | `contained.meta.security.empty()`
dom-6 | best practice | Observation | A resource should have narrative for robust management | `text.`div`.exists()`
ele-1 | error | **ALL** elements | All FHIR elements must have a @value or children | `hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())`
ext-1 | error | **ALL** extensions | Must have either extensions or value[x], not both | `extension.exists() != value.exists()`
obs-6 | error | Observation | dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present | `dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()`
obs-7 | error | Observation | If Observation.component.code is the same as Observation.code, then Observation.value SHALL NOT be present (the Observation.component.value[x] holds the value). | `value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()`
obs-8 | error | Observation | bodyStructure SHALL only be present if Observation.bodySite is not present | `bodySite.exists() implies bodyStructure.empty()`
obs-9 | error | Observation.specimen | If Observation.specimen is a reference to Group, the group can only have specimens | `(reference.resolve().exists() and reference.resolve() is Group) implies reference.resolve().member.entity.resolve().all($this is Specimen)`

This structure is derived from Observation

Summary

Mandatory: 1 element
Must-Support: 8 elements
Prohibited: 13 elements

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

- CSIRO STARS ServiceRequest Profile (https://starsapi.csiro.au/fhir-ig/stars/StructureDefinition/csiro-stars-servicerequest)

Other representations of profile: CSV, Excel, Schematron